Main diseases:

Cataracts
Glaucoma
Diabetic Retinopathy
Age Related Macular Degeneration

Capsule:

Opacification of Posterior Capsule
Pseudoexfoliation (PXE)

Retina:

Flashes and Floaters
Retinal Tears
Retinal Detachment
Lattice Degeneration
Macular Pucker
Macular Edema
Macular Hole
Retinal Vein Occlussions
Central Retinal Vein Occlussion (CRVO)
Central Retinal Artery Occlussion (CRAO)
Branch Retinal Vein Occlussion (BVO)
Branch Retinal Artery Occlussion (BRAO)
Myopic Degeneration
Central Serous Retinopathy (CSR)
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Choroidal Nevus

Cornea:

Pterygium
Dry Eye Syndrome
Fuch's Dystrophy
Herpes Simplex
Herpes Zoster

Refractive Errors:

Myopia
Hyperopia
Presbyopia
Astigmatism

Lids:

Blepharitis
Chalazion (Stye)
Ectropion
Entropion
Epiphora
Ptosis
Bell's Palsy

Iris and Uvea:

Uveitis
Toxoplasmosis

Conjunctiva and Sclera:

Conjunctivitis
Pingueculum
Thyroid Ophthalmopathy

Brain:

Amblyopia
Pseudotumor Cerebri
Pituitary Tumor

Muscles:

Strabismus (crossed eyes)